937 words gathered from the thirty-six Palms.
A
a-sneaky-cloud-with-legs — A small, deceptively innocent creature moving quickly and with intent; here, the specific movement of Malood
abandon — Complete freedom from restraint; unreserved commitment to an action
Aboooyaaah — An Omani exclamation of shock or distress, literally calling out 'my father!'; used by children when startled
abridged — Shortened by removing parts; reduced in scope
abruptly — Suddenly; without warning
absolute — Complete and total, without any reduction; used here for the total shock of mountain water on warm skin
absorb — Take in something without pushing back; receive fully
absorbed — Completely focused on something, giving it all your attention — unaware of anything else around you
abundant — Existing in very large quantities; more than enough
accepts — Receives without resisting; allows something to be taken in without argument
accumulated — Gathered or built up gradually, piece by piece, until the total became noticeable
acknowledged — Showed that one has seen or noticed something, usually with a small gesture
acknowledging — Showing respect and recognition of something; honouring what has been given
acquired — Gained or obtained over time, often through effort or experience
acquisitive — Eager to acquire or obtain things; here, used for a goat with a taste for shoes
activation — The sudden switching on of a mode or state; here, the way teacher-instinct overrode everything else
actively — In a way that involves real effort; deliberately and with full engagement
adhan — The Islamic call to prayer, called from the mosque to announce prayer time; one of the defining sounds of Muslim community life
Adjustments — Small changes made to fit a new situation; minor alterations
admiration — A feeling of respect for someone who does what you secretly wish you could
admitted — Allowed to enter a place; officially received into a group
Adventure — An exciting, often risky journey or experience; something new and memorable
affection — A feeling of liking and caring for someone; warmth toward a person
affirmed — Confirmed as true or valuable; officially accepted or supported
after-lunch — The particular sleep that comes after eating well; a satisfied daytime nap
aftermath — The time and situation after an event, especially a difficult or noisy one
afternoon — The part of the day between noon and evening; here, used as a living presence with its own weight
against — In opposition to something; despite what a person might have expected
aged — Having lived many years; here, carrying the marks and dignity of a long life openly
aggressive — Acting forcefully; behaving as though it wanted to hurt you
agreement — Shared understanding between people; something everyone accepts without needing to argue
Al-Lajal — A small village in Wadi Al-Maawil in the Batinah region of Oman; known for its hot falaj and for being the historical home of the Al-Naabi tribe
Al-Naabi — One of the large old tribes of Oman, with deep roots in the Wadi Al-Maawil area; the family name carried by generations
alarm-clock — A device that makes a sound to wake someone up; here, used metaphorically for the smell of bread
aligning — Coming into proper position; things falling into place together naturally
almost — Very nearly; not quite completely
ambiguous — Having more than one possible meaning; not clearly one thing or another
amused — Finding something funny in a quiet, gentle way; not quite laughing, but close
ancient — Belonging to the very distant past; extremely old
animals — Living creatures that are not plants or humans; all other living things with bodies that move
animated — Full of lively spirit; actively engaged with a topic
announced — Made known publicly or formally; declared
announcement — A public statement, usually of something important; a declaration
announcements — Public or official statements broadcast to inform people in a shared space
anticipate — Expect or predict something before it happens; see things coming
anticipatory — Showing preparedness or foresight; ready in advance
apologetically — With an air of saying sorry; behaving as though one's existence requires excuse
appalled — Greatly dismayed or horrified; shocked
appetizing — Making one want to eat it; giving the appearance of being delicious
appraisal — The act of judging the value or quality of something; careful assessment
approval — Expression of acceptance or agreement; a warm welcome of an idea
architecture — The design and structure of something; the essential shape that holds everything together
arguing — Disagreeing in words or action; here, used for the sound of a dreaming goat
argument — A reason or set of reasons given in support of something; here, a green that seemed to be making a case for itself
aroma — A strong and pleasant smell, often from food or drink
aromatic — Having a strong pleasant scent; perfumed
arranging — Placing things in a particular order; organising by appearance or value
arrival — The act of coming to a place; here, the quiet way Thuraya entered any scene
arrive — Come to a place; here, used to describe the internal arrival that comes after the physical one
arrives — Reaches; comes to a place; here, used about a beard's progress down the chest
artisan — A person skilled in a trade, especially one involving making things by hand; a craftsman
ascertain — To find out or determine with certainty; to establish as fact
ashamed — Feeling regret or guilt about one's actions; embarrassed by one's own behaviour
assembled — Gathered together to form a whole; brought into a single composition
assembly yard — The open outdoor space in front of a school where students gather, line up, and begin their day
assessment — A careful judgement about the value or ability of something or someone
assigned — Given a task or place by someone else; allocated
associated — Connected in the mind with something else; linked mentally
atmosphere — The pervading tone or mood of a place; a kind of air around someone
attacked — Took aggressive action against; came at with force
attendance — The fact of being present; being there
attentive — Paying close, careful attention; listening or watching with full focus
attentiveness — Careful close observation; paying full attention to what is in front of you
authority — The power and right to make decisions and command respect; here, not a position but a quality of being
automatic — Happening without conscious thought; built into the body through repetition
availed — Made use of; took full advantage of an opportunity
awal — Dried tuna or large fish cured in the sun and salt; a traditional Omani preserved food, deeply fragrant, eaten in stews and with rice
awe — A feeling of great respect mixed with wonder
awl — A small pointed tool used to make holes in leather or wood
B
balance — The ability to keep yourself steady and upright; the body's control over its own position
Balanced — Having different elements in the right proportions; neither too much nor too little of anything
bamboo stick — A stick cut from bamboo; in Omani village tradition, used by teachers and drivers as a light symbol of authority over groups of children
banjari — Arabic/Omani: a set of many thin bangles worn together on one wrist; a traditional form of Omani silver jewellery, worn in quantity
baptism — A ceremony of initiation, traditionally involving water; here, used to describe the moment that marked John's acceptance
bargaining — The back-and-forth discussion of price between seller and buyer in traditional markets
basket — A container made by weaving thin strips of plant material; in Oman, traditionally made from palm fronds
baskets — Woven containers made of palm leaves; the ordinary carrying equipment of village life
bathed — Surrounded or covered by something, as if immersed in liquid
beamed — Smiled widely and brightly
beaming — Smiling very widely and brightly; showing happiness openly
bearing — The way a person holds themselves, especially when in charge; a quality of natural leadership
becoming — Attractive or flattering; suiting a person well
beehive — The structure in which bees live; a colony of bees' home
behaviour — The way someone or something acts; the pattern of their actions, taken as a whole
benches — Long seats without backs, made of wood, placed for groups to sit on
beseeching — Asking urgently and with deep feeling; earnestly begging for help
bisat — A woven mat used for sitting and sleeping in traditional Omani homes; pressed flat by years of shared use
bloodshot — Having the whites of the eyes reddened, usually from irritation or crying
Bob-Jamid — Old Omani name for a chilled fizzy drink — often a brand or a kind of cold soft drink popular among children in 1970s Gulf villages
Bosphorus — The narrow strait of water running through Istanbul, connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara
bowed — Bent the head or body forward as a gesture of respect or acknowledgment; here, a theatrical acknowledgment of applause
braced — Prepared for something difficult; steadied against expected impact
brazing — Joining two pieces of metal together with heat; a traditional metal-working skill
bridal — Relating to a bride or a wedding
brighten — Become brighter; fill with warmth or light
Britishness — The qualities associated with British national character, especially a stiff, understated response to difficulty
broke — Failed under pressure; gave way after holding
bukhoor — Traditional Arabian fragrance made of aromatic woods, musk, and resins mixed together; burned on coals to scent homes and clothes
bump — A raised or uneven part of a road surface that causes a vehicle to jolt
burst — Opened suddenly and with force; here, used for the arrival of children
bustling — Full of active movement and noise; crowded with busy activity
C
cadence — The rhythm or flow of speech; the musical shape of how someone speaks
calculus — A method of calculation; here, used humorously for the mental processes of a goat
calibrated — Carefully adjusted to get exactly the right measure or setting
canvas — A strong, heavy cloth made of cotton or hemp, often used for bags; here, the ordinary English teacher's bag
capacity — The total amount that something can contain or produce
Cardamom — An aromatic spice with a sharp, sweet flavour; one of the oldest and most treasured spices in Arab cooking
carriage — The way a person holds their body, especially the head and shoulders
carry — To travel a distance, especially of sound; to land with impact
carrying — Able to travel far without being shouted; the natural reach of a voice that has weight
casually — In a relaxed and unconcerned way
catalogue — Make a detailed list of things; organise information into categories
cataloguer — A person who keeps an organised record of things; one who notes and stores information carefully
categorically — Completely and clearly; without exception
category — A group of things with something in common; a class or type
cauldrons — Large deep metal cooking pots, often used over fire; here, used for the traditional cooking vessels of Omani communal meals
cautious — Taking care; moving with awareness of risk
ceased — Stopped; come to an end; no longer happening
censers — A container in which incense is burned; a small vessel for holy or ceremonial smoke
ceremonial — Done with formality and a sense of occasion; treated as an important event
ceremony — Formal procedure or ritual; elaborate actions performed for an occasion
certainty — The state of being completely sure about something; having no doubt
chagrin — Annoyance and distress at having failed; a feeling of disappointed embarrassment
chalk — A soft white or coloured stone, cut into sticks, used for writing on boards; the writing material of schools everywhere before pens
chamber — An enclosed space; a small room used for a particular purpose
chaos — A state of complete disorder and confusion; things happening all at once without order
character — A person in a story; here, used to mean someone whose presence has become part of the local narrative
charmed — Delighted or greatly pleased; captivated
charmingly — In a way that makes other people like you without effort; winning them over
cheerful — Happy and optimistic; pleased
choice — A particularly important or interesting part of something; the best moment
chorus — A group of voices singing or speaking together at the same time
circulated — Moved in a complete circle, returning to where it began; kept flowing around a system
claim — A statement of ownership; an assertion of connection
clang — A loud ringing metallic sound; made by metal striking metal
clarity — The quality of being clear and easy to understand
clearer — More transparent or pure; easier to see through or breathe
cluster — A small group of people or things standing close together
clusters — Groups of things growing or hanging close together on the same branch
collapsed — Fell into something completely, usually from laughter; lost all composure at once
collective — Belonging to or done by a group together, not one person
colourful — Having many bright colours; rich in colour
columns — Tall narrow shapes; here, used to describe rising lines of smoke
comet — A celestial body moving in a long curving path; here, used to describe the speed and inevitability of Malood's arrival
commercial — Relating to trade or commerce; focused on the making of money
committed — Fully dedicated to a course of action; completely given over to something
committing — Devoting oneself to something; determining to do it
communal — Shared among a group; relating to what is done together
competence — The quality of being well-suited for a task; having what it takes
complaint — Expression of dissatisfaction or discomfort; grumbling
composed — Calm and in full possession of oneself; not rushed or scattered, with every part of a person in the right place
composition — An arrangement of parts forming a whole; a specific planned picture
composure — Calm, settled control of oneself; the outer appearance of dignity under pressure
compound — An area of land with a group of buildings and walls; here, the small enclosed space around their house
comprehension — The ability to understand something; grasp of meaning
comprehensively — Completely and thoroughly; in every possible way
compressed — Pressed or squeezed together into a smaller space; concentrated into less room than expected
concealment — The act of hiding; keeping oneself out of sight
concentrated — Focused in one spot; gathered in intensity
concentration — Deep, focused attention given to one task so that everything else fades into the background
concerned — Worried or anxious about something; in the negative, at ease
conductor — A person who directs musicians with a small stick; here, used to describe how Uncle Nasser opened the morning like a piece of music
confidence — Feeling sure of yourself and your abilities; speaking without doubt or hesitation
confidently — With assurance; without hesitation or fear
confused — Unable to think clearly; bewildered
consequential — Significant; having important effects or results
considered — Thought about something carefully before deciding
consistently — In a way that continues in the same manner over time
conspicuous — Attracting attention, usually by being different or unusual
conspiratorial — Acting as if sharing a secret plan; of two or more people in private agreement
constellation — A group of stars forming a recognisable pattern; here, used poetically for a scattered but connected group
consultation — The act of asking for advice or opinion before acting; here, used ironically for a part of the body acting on its own
contained — Held within a boundary; kept under control
continuous — Going on without stopping; present always, without pause or interruption
contrite — Feeling sincere regret about having done something wrong
convention — An accepted way of doing things in a particular time or place
converging — Coming together from different directions; approaching the same point
conviction — A firmly held belief; deep certainty expressed through action
cooing — The low, gentle sound made by doves or pigeons, especially at dawn
cooked — Heated with fire or hot liquid until done; here, used joyfully by Mansoor about Mr. John
cool — Slightly cold in a pleasant way; the gentle low temperature of early morning before the sun takes hold
coordination — The ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly; physical skill
corralled — Gathered or rounded up, especially animals or people moving in too many directions
correctly — In an accurate way; rightly
counsel — Advice or guidance, especially of a serious kind
country — A nation; here, used for the whole of Oman, which John felt had conspired, as a whole, against him
courtesy — A polite gesture; an act of consideration
creature — A living being, especially one that is strange or frightening
crescent — A curved shape like a thin moon; a small arc
criminal — Someone who has broken the law or done something seriously wrong; here, used with complete earnestness
crisis — A time of intense difficulty or danger; a moment requiring decisive action
crossed — Folded one over the other; here, the posture of a person who has been proved right
crown — A headdress worn by a king or queen as a symbol of authority; here, used to describe the scale of what Malood seemed to have stolen
cruelty — The quality of being unkind; here, used humorously for friendly teasing
crumbled — Broke down; gave way to laughter after a long attempt at control
culturally — In a way relating to the customs and ideas of a society; here, referring to village rules John kept stumbling into
curing — The process of preserving food through salt, smoke, or drying; the ancient method of keeping food edible
curiosity — A genuine desire to know and understand something; alert, awake interest
current — A movement of air in a particular direction; here, the gentle movement of dawn breeze
currents — Flowing movements within a body of water; here, patterns of movement within a crowd
cushion — A soft bag filled with padding; here, the slightly higher seat that traditionally marked the position of the village leader
D
daghoos — A spicy chilli dipping sauce, deeply loved in Omani village food culture
dangerous — Here: likely to cause disturbance in a classroom, not because of bad intentions but because of too much energy and social interest
dappled — Marked with small spots or patches of light and shadow
darker — More shadowed; with more depth and more visible edges
darkroom — A room shut off from light, used for processing photographic film and printing photographs from negatives
Darwazat-Mutrah — A traditional Omani children's chasing game, named after the old gate of Mutrah in Muscat; a game of running, catching, and great joyful chaos
dashed — Ran quickly with urgent purpose; hurried
decision — A choice reached after consideration; here, reached by the body without consulting the mind
declaimed — Spoke with great formality and dramatic effect, as though performing
decode — Work out the meaning of something complicated; understand a hidden pattern
deficit — A shortfall; an amount missing from what is expected
deflected — Turned aside from a direction or purpose; diverted
deliberate — Done with full intention and awareness; not accidental or casual — chosen
deliberately — On purpose; with clear intention
deliberateness — The quality of being done carefully and on purpose; slowness that carries intent
deliberation — Careful slowness; the quality of moving with thought rather than haste
delicate — Very fine and gentle in quality; easily damaged or broken
delight — Give great pleasure; please very much
delighted — Greatly pleased; extremely happy about something
delivered — Gave or transferred something fully; here, the bump's complete transmission of its force
demolished — Completely destroyed; broken down entirely
demystifying — Removing mystery from something; making it plain and understood
density — The quality of being heavy and concentrated in a small space; here, a quality of presence rather than weight
descent — The act of coming down from a higher place; a falling motion toward the ground
describe — Give an account of something in words; paint a picture with language
design — The way something has been planned or made; a considered arrangement
detailed — Including many specific pieces of information; thorough and complete
determined — Showing firm, unwavering resolve; not willing to be turned aside
devastating — Causing great emotional impact; here, the impact of a perfectly chosen short sentence
Dew — Mountain Dew — a favourite fizzy drink among village children in Oman
Dhofar — The southern region of Oman, where from 1965 to 1976 an armed conflict — the Dhofar Rebellion — was fought between rebels and government forces; by 1973 the war was the most serious matter in the country
dhows — Traditional Arab sailing vessels, with lateen sails; the backbone of Arabian Sea trade for over a thousand years
digestive — Related to the process of breaking down food; here, used about Malood's unknown-fate stomach
dignified — Having or showing a serious, calm manner that is worthy of respect
dignity — The state of being worthy of respect; self-respect
diplomat — A person skilled in managing relations between people or groups with sensitivity
diplomatic — Done with care and politeness; careful not to cause offence
disarmed — Made unable to resist or be critical; won over by charm
disbelief — Inability or refusal to accept that something is true
discipline — Control over behaviour that comes from inside rather than from punishment; passed from one generation to the next through presence and expectation
disciplined — Controlled and ordered; following a strict internal set of rules
discovering — Finding or realising something for the first time; the moment a thing becomes known
disgruntled — Feeling or showing complaint; grumpy about something
dishdasha — The traditional full-length robe worn by Omani men; the garment of everyday life and formal occasions alike
disrupt — Interrupt or disturb the normal course of an activity
distance — Separated by a space; far away
distilled — Purified or reduced something to its essential form; extracted the most important part
distinctive — Having a quality that marks something out as different from others; easily recognisable
distributing — Giving out things to several people, usually fairly
disturbed — Upset or agitated; had its usual state broken
Don't — A negative command; the word used to tell someone not to do something; short, direct, complete
dramatic — Striking or impressive; exhibiting exaggerated emotion or theatricality
dramatically — In a way that is exaggerated or theatrical; with great emotion
driver-stick — A long thin stick kept by a vehicle driver; used in old Oman as a signalling tool, for nudging livestock, or as a symbol of quiet authority
dry — Lacking moisture or emotion; here, used to describe a voice that carries no extra feeling
Dukkan Al-Hillah — The small neighbourhood shop in the village of Al-Qurawashiyah — the heart of the place where daily supplies are bought and news is exchanged
Dukkan-Al-Hallah — Arabic: the village shop or general store; the old village commercial gathering point
durable — Lasting; capable of continuing for a long time
E
earnest — Serious and sincere; without humour or pretence
earth — The solid ground; the material of which the world's surface is made
echo — A sound that is heard again because it reflects off something; here, used for the memory of a moment that lingers in a place
economical — Using only what is necessary; not wasteful
economy — Careful use of resources; efficiency in management
efficiency — Doing something well and without wasting effort or time; a skill that comes from years, not instruction
effort — A vigorous attempt to do something; here, the visible work of not laughing
effortless — Done without any apparent effort or difficulty; natural and easy
elaboration — The addition of more details or explanation to something already said
elected — Chose to do something; appointed themselves
elementary — Of the simplest and most basic kind; the most obvious
embarrassment — The feeling of being self-conscious or ashamed about something one has said or done
emblem — The official symbol at the centre of the Omani flag; representing the nation
embossed — Decorated with raised designs; patterned so the design stood out
embroidered — Decorated with needlework in thread; worked with small stitched designs
emphasis — Special importance given to something; force or stress in expression
entered — Came inside something; went into a space or body
enthusiasm — Great excitement and eagerness about something
entire — The whole of something; complete and including everything
entitlement — The belief, often without foundation, that one has a right to something; here, used affectionately for the goat
erupted — Broke out suddenly and with great energy; the kind of reaction that cannot be contained once it begins
escorted — Accompanied, especially to provide protection or guidance; here, gently removed from a situation
escorting — Walking alongside someone officially, as a guard or companion; here, used with comic seriousness about a goat
essentials — The most necessary things; the items a life cannot be lived without
evaded — Escaped from or avoided being caught; got away skilfully
evidently — Clearly or obviously; as shown by what can be seen
excellent — Of the highest quality; extremely good
exemption — A release from a usual requirement; permission not to take part in something
exhaled — Let out a slow breath; released air held in without realising it
expansively — In a way that covers a wide area; broadly
expendable — Able to be given up or used up; not essential
experience — Practical contact with something; knowledge gained through being involved in an event
exploded — Burst out suddenly and loudly; released a great amount of energy all at once
extended — Made longer; added to something; here, added a new idea on his own
extinguish — Cause to cease burning; put out
F
fading — Becoming gradually weaker or less visible
failure — Lack of success; here, the specific failure to remain composed in the face of comic material
fajr — Arabic: the time before sunrise; the first prayer of the day; a specific kind of pre-dawn light that is its own presence, not merely the absence of night
falaj — An ancient Omani irrigation channel carved from stone, carrying mountain water into the village; a UNESCO World Heritage system used for over three thousand years
Falaj-Al-Lajal — The specific falaj of the village of Al-Lajal, unusual in that its water runs warm — one of the rare hot falajs of Oman, fed by underground thermal sources
Falaj-soup — A soup made from the falaj; an invented, joking dish in which Mr. John is the main ingredient
familiar — Well-known and comfortable; like family
farsadh — Omani mulberry — a sweet, dark fruit that grows on trees common across Oman's interior villages; stains the fingers dark when eaten
feminine — Having qualities of gentleness and grace; soft and delicate in nature
finality — The quality of being final or decisive; the sense of an ending
fine — Made of very small particles; light and delicate in texture
fiqh — Islamic jurisprudence; the traditional body of Islamic legal knowledge taught in mosques
flatness — The quality of being subdued; lacking the full force of feeling
flawless — Without any mistake or fault; completely correct and without imperfection
fleet — A group of ships belonging to a country, company, or organisation; here, Oman's historical naval and merchant ships
flexible — Able to bend without breaking; supple
flinching — Making a small, quick movement of the body to avoid something unpleasant
flock — A group of sheep or goats moving together; here, a cluster of animals along the roadside
flourish — An impressive waving movement or decoration; here, a small added touch of style
flowed — Moved smoothly and continuously, like water; here, the natural current of people and goods
fluently — Speaking a language easily, smoothly, and without difficulty
flying-lesson — A teasing term Thuraya invented for John's fall on the wet path; making light of the moment he became airborne
focus — The concentration of attention on a specific thing
folded — Here: time collapsed, bringing the past and present together as if bending them toward each other
folk-imagination — The shared imagination of ordinary people, expressed in stories and beliefs
forerunner — Something that comes before and announces the arrival of something else
forgot — Failed to remember something; here, used humorously about a boy so distracted he forgot his task
formality — A necessary action required by custom or rule rather than actual need
format — A particular arrangement or plan for something
formation — A pattern or arrangement of people; a way of gathering that everyone understands without discussion
formidable — Impressive in size or seriousness; demanding respect and perhaps a little caution
frankincense — A sweet-smelling resin burned as incense; treasured for thousands of years in Oman and across the Arabian Peninsula
frankness — The quality of being open, direct, and honest, even when it is not tactful
freshness — The quality of being new, clean, and full of energy; not tired
frightened — Feeling fear; scared, but not physically harmed
frog — A small amphibious animal; here, used as the comic destination of an enchanted object
froze — Became stuck in place; became motionless, usually from shock
fundamental — The most basic and essential aspect of something; at the root of what something is
fundamentally — In the deepest, most basic way; at the root of what something is
furrowed-brow — A brow with deep lines of concentration; the face of someone thinking hard
G
gap — A space between two things, here between the front teeth; a common feature of faces that smile easily
gathering — Collecting oneself for something difficult ahead
generosity — The quality of giving freely and kindly, without counting or asking for return
generous — Kind and willing to give freely; using more favourable words than strictly required
gently — Softly and carefully, without force; the opposite of roughly
genuinely — In a real, true way; from the heart
geography — The land and waters of a place; the physical and cultural space a life takes up
ghaf — A native Omani tree with deep roots and wide shade; considered a symbol of endurance and of the desert village
ghost — The spirit of a dead person, believed to appear to the living
ghoul — The Arabic/Omani word for a snake — a confusion Mr. John was about to experience fully, because 'ghoul' in English also refers to a terrifying monster
giant-beetle — A large, slow-moving creature with a hard shell; used here to describe the lumbering appearance of the old municipal truck
gleam — Shine with a soft, smooth light
goat — A four-legged farm animal with hooves and sometimes horns; known for eating almost anything and going wherever it wishes
Good — A word of praise and approval; simple, immediate, and completely sufficient
grades — Levels of quality ranked from lowest to highest
grammar — The rules that govern how a language works; the structure of correct speech and writing
gratified — Pleased and satisfied, especially by recognition of a thing one has observed
gratitude — A feeling of being thankful; deep appreciation
gravely — In a serious, solemn way; with weight
gravity — A seriousness or heaviness; the quality of something that does not take itself lightly
gray — Of a colour between black and white; ashen in tone
greeting — A friendly word, sign, or action on meeting someone
grin — A wide smile, often showing teeth, and usually carrying something mischievous or amused
grip — The act of holding something tightly; the firmness of a hand's hold
gritty — Containing small hard particles; rough on the teeth or skin
H
Habbabouh — A warm Omani term of affection, roughly 'the one who is loved'; used for beloved elders in the community
habibi — Arabic: 'my beloved' — a warm term of affection used across Arabic-speaking cultures for friends, family, and children
habitual — Done regularly, so often that it has become the natural way of things; no longer chosen, simply happening
haggled — Argued about the price of something back and forth before agreeing
handmade — Made by hand rather than by machine; each piece individually worked
heeb — Arabic: a small curved sickle used for cutting grass, animal fodder, and small crops by hand
held — Kept in the hand without tight grip; carried at rest with full readiness
herbal — Relating to herbs or plants; made from growing things rather than chemicals
herbs — Plants, especially small green ones, used for cooking, scent, or medicine
hero — A person admired for their courage or outstanding achievements
hesitated — Paused before doing something, usually because of uncertainty
hesitation — A pause before doing or saying something, usually because of uncertainty or doubt
hijab — A head covering worn by Muslim women as a sign of modesty and faith
hilt — The handle of a sword or dagger; the grip
history — The past as it is remembered and preserved; all the events that have happened before now
hojari — The highest grade of frankincense in Oman; prized across the Arabian Peninsula for its colour, purity, and scent
hollow — Empty; having nothing inside; here, the feeling of something that should be present being absent
honesty — The quality of being truthful; here, the road's refusal to pretend to be better than it was
honour — Show respect and recognition for something; accept with dignity
honouring — Showing great respect for; treating as important and worthy
horror — A very strong feeling of shock or fear; deep alarm
hospitality — The friendly reception and treatment of guests; a cultural duty across Arab societies
humbly — In a way that shows modesty; without pride
humiliation — Loss of pride or dignity; a low moment in public
humour — The quality of being amusing or the ability to take amusement in things; a light spirit
hura — Omani Arabic: a magical disappearance or vanishing; the folk belief that a sorcerer can make objects vanish
hurrying — Moving or proceeding quickly; trying to make something happen faster
hush — A soft quiet sound; the kind of low whisper that exists just at the edge of hearing
I
idle — Not active or in use; sitting without doing anything
iglus — Omani Arabic: 'sit down'; the command used by mothers and teachers since the beginning of language
illuminated — Lit up; made bright, especially with inner light of understanding or plan
imaginary — Existing only in the mind; not real
immediate — Happening right now, without delay; direct and unfiltered
immersion — The act of being submerged in water, or, here, the comic plunge into it
immobilised — Made unable to move; held still
imperceptibly — In a way so small or subtle that it is hardly noticeable
important — Significant; carrying real weight and meaning, not to be passed over
important-looking — Appearing to contain something significant; carrying the visual weight of importance
imposing — Grand or impressive in appearance; making others feel small without trying
improvised — Made up on the spot; not planned in advance
inadvertently — Without intending to; by accident
inappropriate — Not suitable or proper; wrong for the situation
incensed — Made very angry; filled with strong indignation
inclined — Bent toward; turned one's face toward something
including — Bringing something into a group; making it part of the whole
incompatible — Unable to exist together; not matching or working with something else
incomprehensible — Impossible to understand; its meaning not open to the listener
incredulity — The feeling of being unable to believe something; deep surprise
indented — Having a small mark pressed into the surface; here, the shape left by a ring worn for years
indicated — Pointed out or showed without using words; communicated by gesture
indignation — Anger or annoyance provoked by what is perceived as unfair treatment
inevitable — Certain to happen; impossible to avoid or prevent
inflection — A change in pitch or tone of the voice
informing — Giving information clearly and simply, without judgement
inhaled — Breathed air in, drawing it slowly into the lungs
inherited — Received from those who came before; carried down through time
insinuating — Moving in gradually and imperceptibly; creeping in without being detected
insisted — Demanded firmly that something be noticed or done; refused to be ignored
inspector — An official who checks places or things carefully to make sure everything is in order
instinct — A natural sense of something; an intuitive understanding not based on thought
instinctively — Without thinking; because the body knows before the mind has decided
instrument — A tool used for a particular purpose; here, the tool of discipline
insufferable — Extremely annoying; impossible to bear, here used with affection
integrated — Combined into a larger whole; made part of something
intermediate — Between two stages or states; a middle step in a process
intervene — To come between two parties in order to prevent or alter a result; to step into a dispute
interventions — Actions taken to interrupt or change what is happening
interview — A formal meeting in which questions are asked to gather information, usually published
intonation — The rise and fall of the voice in speaking; the melodic shape of a sentence
invention — Something newly created or made up; an addition of one's own
invitation — A friendly request asking someone to come or do something; an opening of doors
involuntarily — Done without conscious effort; automatically
involuntary — Not done by choice; happening before a person can stop it
iron-coloured — Having the colour of iron, especially rust-red; the specific colour of many Omani mountains
irrepressible — Impossible to restrain or hold back; cannot be contained
J
Jibreen-Castle — A 17th-century Omani fortified palace in the interior, near Bahla; one of the most beautiful surviving structures of the Ya'rubi dynasty era and a key historical site
journal — A daily written record of experiences, thoughts, and events; a personal diary
juiced — Squeezed to remove the liquid; here, used to describe a lemon's saddest possible destination
K
kabsa — Arabic/Omani: spiced rice cooked with meat, the centerpiece of Gulf hospitality meals
key — A small tool that opens locks; here, used to describe a useful phrase that opens doors of meaning
Khalaf — An Omani man's name meaning 'descendant' or 'successor'; here, the name of the village's quiet elder
khallik-rijal — Omani Arabic: 'be a man; stand firm'; an ordinary village expression of encouragement that had, somehow, lodged itself in John's sleep
khanjar — The curved ceremonial dagger of Oman, worn at the belt by men for formal occasions; the national symbol of Oman, appearing even on the country's flag
kheyzaran — Arabic: a cane or walking-stick traditionally made of bamboo or similar wood; carried by elders for both support and authority
kind — Gentle and caring in the way a person looks at someone they want no harm to come to
kingdom — A territory ruled by a king; here, used for the domain that children claim as their own in the middle of the day
kohl — A traditional black eye cosmetic made from ground minerals or charred plant materials, used for centuries across the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia both decoratively and medicinally
kummah — The traditional embroidered cap worn by Omani men; a mark of heritage and identity
L
laboured — Done with great effort; showing strain
lamba — A small Omani fruit similar to a jujube; sweet and slightly tart, eaten fresh directly from the tree
launched — Sent off with great force; here, leapt out of the water as though propelled
layered — Arranged in layers, one on top of another; here, voices arriving at slightly different moments
layers — Thicknesses of something placed one above another; here, used to describe how the senses received the market one element at a time
leave — Temporarily not at work; away from duty
lecture — A long, formal talk given to an audience; here, used humorously about a ten-year-old girl
lecturer — Someone who gives formal talks on a subject, usually at a university
legend — A traditional story; here, used for a person who has become a story
lesson-tone — The specific register of voice and attention appropriate for learning; the classroom's working frequency
Leteg — A traditional Omani children's and girls' game in which players try to cross drawn lines without being caught by a defender; older than any written rules about it
letj — A traditional Omani children's game similar to hopscotch; a stone is thrown into drawn squares and the player must jump through them without touching any line
lighter — Less heavy; reduced in weight; here, also used to suggest something slightly missing
linger — Stay or wait longer than necessary; delay in leaving
listener — A person who listens to something; here, the person receiving Ahmed's story
living — Alive; having a working pattern of growth and change
lodged — Fixed or stuck in a particular place; having become trapped where it arrived
logic — A way of reasoning; the pattern by which one idea leads to the next
long-grain — A type of rice with thin, long grains; here, referring to the traditional Omani rice used for large meals
loosen — Become less tight; to come free of its hold
loudly — Making a lot of sound; audibly to everyone in the room
loudspeaker — A device for amplifying the voice, especially to reach distant listeners
lovingly — In a way that shows love or affection; with deep warmth
low — Not tall; close to the ground
luban — Omani frankincense — a sacred resin burned for centuries across Arabia; the same scent she had found once in a small box in London
M
ma'wal — Arabic: a traditional hoe used in Omani farming for breaking soil and creating water channels; the basic agricultural tool of the falaj system
maghbar — Arabic: a traditional Omani practice in which incense or specific dried plants are burned and the smoke is wafted around to drive away bad luck, evil eye, or unwanted spirits
Maghrib — The Islamic sunset prayer; one of the five daily prayers, called just as the sun sets
maghsoob — Arabic: literally 'one taken by force'; in Omani folk belief, a person whose mind and soul have been partly consumed by the jinn after having been given to them; the living-dead
magician — A person who performs magic tricks; here, a person who is believed to perform real magic
magnificent — Impressively grand or extravagant; here, used ironically about an unwelcome swelling
majaza — A small stone room built over the falaj, with a water channel running through it and an open roof, used by women for private bathing — the village bath-house, older than plumbing
majz — Arabic: a small iron rod heated red-hot in a fire and used in traditional Omani folk-medicine to cauterise wounds, burst boils, and treat certain conditions; the village's harshest cure
making — Bringing into existence; forming or shaping
managed — Controlled with careful skill; handled well
mandoos — A traditional wooden chest used in Omani, Zanzibari, and Gulf households for storing valuables, clothes, and heirlooms; often inlaid with brass studs and passed down through generations
maool — A traditional Omani agricultural tool with a wooden handle and curved metal blade, used for farming and digging
maritime — Relating to the sea, ships, or sailing; of or near the coast
marjal — Arabic: a large heavy cooking pot, usually copper or aluminium, used for communal Omani cooking — the kind of pot that could feed twenty people
martaasha — Arabic: a specific kind of traditional Omani silver jewellery designed to make a soft musical sound when the wearer moves; the name comes from the Arabic root for 'shaking' or 'shivering'
mashawi — Arabic: grilled food, here referring to grilled grasshoppers — a traditional protein eaten in some parts of Oman during the season when locusts are plentiful
mastery — Complete skill and control over something; expertise so deep it no longer looks like effort
measured — Controlled and careful; delivered at a deliberate pace
measuring — Calculating or estimating the size or quantity of something
memory — The thing in a person's mind where past experiences are kept; the inner room of a life
menacing — Seeming likely to cause harm; threatening
mercilessly — Without mercy; unrelentingly
Meshkak — Arabic: traditional Omani grilled meat skewers, marinated and cooked over open fire; the centerpiece of village outdoor gatherings
metabolise — To process and absorb; here, used to describe how a village digests its own incidents
methodical — Done in a careful, step-by-step way; working through something systematically
methodically — In an ordered, systematic way; one step at a time
meticulous — Very careful about small details; thorough and exact
micro-climate — A small area with a climate different from the area around it
migrated — Moved from one place to another; travelled widely
mijz — An ancient Omani and Arabian traditional treatment involving the application of a heated iron rod to the skin, used in the belief that it would draw out illness from certain parts of the body; practised widely until the spread of modern medicine
minding — Attending to one's own business; paying careful attention only to oneself
mineral — Relating to or containing minerals; having the quality of substances that come from the earth
minu — A popular chicken-flavoured crispy snack loved by children across Oman
mischief — Playful trouble-making; light, harmless teasing
mixing — Combining or blending; here, combining two languages in one sentence
mockery — Laughter that makes fun of someone cruelly; here, contrasted with laughter that is simply warm and genuine
modest — Unpretentious in size or scale; small
momentum — The force gained by something in motion; the growing speed or strength of something that has started moving
monster — A large, frightening creature from stories; Mansoor confused the sounds of his own name with this word
mortar — A heavy bowl in which food is crushed or ground with a pestle; the ancient tool of the kitchen
mourning — A word that sounds like 'morning' but means the sadness felt after someone dies — Mansoor had the sound right, but the meaning wrong
moustache — A strip of hair above the upper lip; a common feature of many Arabic men of the period, often carefully groomed
mowqa'a — Arabic: a small stone mortar and wooden pestle used in Omani kitchens specifically for crushing garlic, ginger, and other small spices for daily cooking
mudguards — The curved covers above the wheels of a vehicle that stop mud and dust from being thrown upward
municipality — A town or district with its own local government; here, referring to the local council truck that once came through Omani villages to spray pesticide
musical — Pleasing to the ear; having the quality of music
musk — A warm, delicate scent used in perfumes; ancient and personal
muttering — Speaking quietly to yourself, almost under your breath, so others can barely hear
Muttrah-Souq — The historic covered market of Muttrah, in Muscat, Oman; one of the oldest souqs in the Arab world, famous for spices, frankincense, silver, and textiles, and — in 1973 — the commercial heart of the country
N
nahsher — A traditional Omani method of bringing fruit down from trees by throwing stones at the branches; simple, effective, entirely social
narrowing — Becoming smaller or tighter, especially in expression; here, a reaction of calm concern
national — Belonging to or characteristic of a whole country; here, used to describe a phrase heard everywhere
neem — A fast-growing tree with bitter leaves used traditionally across the Gulf for medicine and shade; found near houses and mosques
negotiating — Working out something difficult in one's own mind before accepting it
nest — A structure built by bees or wasps to live in; here, a small one close to the ground
neutral — Not strongly one way or the other; balanced
neutrality — The state of not taking any side; being impartial
nods — Small downward movements of the head, used to show agreement or recognition
novelty — Something new and surprising; a rare experience that lifts the ordinary out of itself
numbered — Given specific numbers in a sequence; put into order by counting
O
obedient — Doing what one is told; here, staying shut without trouble
objectionable — Worth protesting against; not acceptable
objective — Based on facts rather than feelings; without personal bias
obligation — A duty imposed from outside yourself; something you do because you must, not because you want to
obligatory — Required; that one has to do
oblique — At an angle; slanting rather than straight
oceans — The vast bodies of salt water that connect continents; here, the seas that carried Omani merchants and sailors across the world
officially — In a recognised, confirmed way; as a matter of record
older — Having existed longer than most other things; from a more ancient time
opened — Unfolded or spread out; made visible what was held within
opening — Beginning to reveal or introduce; giving access to something new
operatic — Relating to opera; here, used to describe a grand theatrical manner of entering
opinionated — Having strong views and expressing them; here, used playfully for dust that seems to have its own character
opposed — Against something; set up in opposition to it
optimistic — Hopeful and confident about the future; expecting good outcomes
orbiting — Moving around something in a repeated circular path; here, used for a child who cannot stay in one place
ornate — Elaborately decorated; made with careful ornamental detail
oscillation — Movement back and forth between two things; here, between a plan and its absence
Oud — A rich, deep woody fragrance made from agarwood; one of the most prized and ancient scents in the Arab world
outlived — Continued to exist after something has ended
outnumbered — Having fewer people on your side than on the other side
overlapped — Mixed together at the same time; more than one thing happening in the same space at once
overlapping — Extending over part of something else; coinciding in time
owned — Held as one's own; claimed by right of love
P
paint — The coloured coating applied to a surface; here, so faded that its original colour had become a matter of opinion
paroxysm — A sudden, uncontrollable burst or attack, especially of laughter
Past-tense — The form of a verb that shows an action already finished; in English, often formed by adding -ed or using a special past form
patience — The quality of waiting calmly without hurrying; giving every thing the time it needs
patient — Able to accept delay, trouble, or difficulty without becoming upset; here, used of the falaj's own steady rhythm
patina — A thin surface layer that builds up over time, especially on older objects; here, the slow marking of a bag by a new country
paused — Stopped briefly before continuing; held momentarily still
pausing — Stopping for a short time before continuing; taking a small break between actions
peaceful — Free from disturbance; calm
pectoral — Relating to the chest; here, a type of necklace that lies wide across the upper chest
permanent — Lasting or intended to last for a long time
permanently — Continuing without stopping; lasting always
persistence — The quality of continuing to try even when something is difficult; not giving up easily
persistent — Continuing calmly and firmly despite resistance; not giving up because of inconvenience
personal — Directed at or concerning a particular individual; taken as a matter of private feeling
personal-truth — A statement about oneself that one believes firmly; a matter of one's own preference
persuasion — The act of causing someone to believe or do something through reasoning; here, a near-art form
Pesticide — A chemical used to kill insect pests; here, the pale DDT-era cloud that municipality trucks sprayed through Gulf villages in the seventies
petitioning — Making a formal request; asking persistently for something
phantom — Seeming to exist without being physically present; here, used for the residual sensation of a long ride after stopping
phases — Stages or states that a thing passes through; different appearances of the same thing
philosophical — Calm and accepting about things you cannot control; treating difficulty with detached wisdom
philosophy — A theory or attitude about how to live
piece — A single part or fragment of something larger
pivoted — Turned quickly on one foot without moving the foot itself
pivoting — Turning quickly on one foot; changing direction rapidly while keeping the foot planted
plausibly — In a way that seems reasonable; believably
pleading — Making an urgent, emotional request, usually to be saved or rescued from something
plume — A long, rising cloud of something in the air, especially smoke or dust
polished — Made smooth through repeated use; refined through practice
pooled — Gathered together in one place like water; collected in a concentration
portion — A part or share of something; the amount given to one person
possessed — Controlled by a supernatural power; here, the Egyptian folk belief about what was happening to John
possession — Calm confident ownership of oneself; complete composure
posture — The way in which a person holds their body when sitting or standing
practice — Doing something repeatedly until it becomes natural and no longer requires thought
pre-cry — The state just before tears; when the eyes have begun to sting but have not yet overflowed
pre-dawn — The time just before the sun rises; the edge of the morning
pre-emptive — Happening before someone or something else has a chance; acting first
precise — Exact and careful; done without any wasted movement or error
precision — The quality of being exact and accurate; perfect accuracy
preparation — Getting ready for something; the steady quiet work that comes before action
presence — The fact of being in a place; here, being present and witnessed in a moment one did not expect to share
present — In a particular place; existing now; here
pretending — Making something appear to be what it is not; acting a part
pride — A feeling of deep pleasure and satisfaction; especially a proper pride in one's origin
primary — First in importance; the main or most essential thing
primed — Prepared and made ready for a particular state; conditioned to expect something
private — Belonging to a single person; not shared openly
process — To handle information mentally; to work out the meaning of something
procession — A group of people moving together; here, a chaotic and involuntary version of one
professional — Done in a serious, skilled way, as though by an expert
prohibitive — Too difficult or extreme to be reasonable; ruled out by its own difficulty
promotion — A move to a higher rank or position; a step up in status
proprietary — Acting as though one has ownership or full right; here, used for the goat's usual attitude
proprietorially — In the manner of an owner; acting as though one has rights over a place
protected — Kept safe from harm or damage; guarded carefully
protest — An expression of disapproval or objection
proud — Feeling satisfaction about an achievement, one's own or another's
prudent — Careful and wise about avoiding risk; choosing distance based on calculation
puffed — Swelled out or released dust in a small cloud
punctuation — A mark or signal that divides parts of something; here, a clap that ends one phase and begins another
punctured — Pierced with a small hole; here, deflated by a quiet fact
purposeful — Having a clear aim or intention; directed toward an end
pursuer — One who chases or follows someone, trying to catch them
puzzlement — A feeling of mild confusion; not quite understanding something
Q
qafeer — A wide woven palm-leaf basket used in Omani households for serving rice, carrying bread, or holding harvested dates
qandeel — A traditional oil lantern used in Omani homes before electricity; its light moved rather than stayed still
qashie — Small dried fish, traditionally preserved whole; a staple protein in Omani coastal and village cuisine
qit — Fresh green leaves (often alfalfa or similar) used as fodder for livestock — especially goats; sold in tied bundles in village shops
quality — A distinctive feature or characteristic; the particular nature of something
quiet — Gentle and without show; the kind of happiness that does not need to announce itself
quietly — In a soft, gradual way; without fanfare
Qur'an circle — A gathering of children who meet before school to recite and memorise the Qur'an; a deeply rooted tradition in Omani village life
R
radiated — Sent out rays of heat, light, or energy from a central source
ragged — Having an uneven edge; irregular and not neat
rallied — Recovered from a setback; drew together renewed strength
ratifying — Formally accepting or agreeing to; giving official approval
rational — Based on or in accordance with reason or logic; sensible
reached-for — To be picked up automatically; to be the default choice
react-to — To respond to something; to have a physical or emotional response
ready — Prepared; having arrived at the point of being able to begin
real — Actually existing or happening; not imagined
rearrange — Arrange things in a different way; move the pieces of something into new positions
rearranged — Changed the order or positions of things; put into a new arrangement
reasonably — In a way that is sensible and fair, given the circumstances
reassuringly — In a way that gives comfort or confidence; with the intention of calming fears
rebellion — A resistance to or fight against accepted rules or authority
receding — Becoming less in degree; drawing back
reclining — Lying back in a relaxed position; resting easily
recognisable — Able to be identified; having a known form
recovered — Returned to health after injury or illness; healed
rectangles — Four-sided shapes arranged in a pattern that only looks random until you watch it long enough
redder — More red in colour than expected; here, the iron-rich red of Oman's mountains in morning sun
redeeming — Making up for faults; compensating for what is lacking
reflex — An automatic action that happens without being consciously chosen; built into a person's nature
register — A particular range of voice; the pitch and loudness used in a specific situation
registered — Noticed and recorded mentally; took conscious note of
registrations — Small mental acts of noting something; quick checks of a familiar fact
relegated — Consigned to a lower position or status; dismissed
reliable — Able to be trusted; consistent
relieved — Removed from responsibility; freed from the burden of having to verify
relocated — Moved from one place to another; changed position
relocating — Moving permanently to a different place, taking everything with you
reluctant — Slow and unwilling; needing to be pushed rather than choosing to go
reluctantly — With resistance or unwillingness; only because required
remained — Continued to be in the same condition; stayed as before
reorient — Change direction or focus; turn to face something new
reprimanded — Scolded or told off by an authority figure
reproach — Expression of disapproval or disappointment
requested — Asked for something politely or officially; here, contrasted with the accidental nature of what was actually done
resentment — Bitter, angry feeling at being unfairly treated
reservation — Complete confidence or approval; without holding back any part of a feeling
resignation — Calm acceptance of something difficult that cannot be changed
resinous — Made of or containing resin; having the sticky, fragrant quality of tree sap
resolved — Solved; settled in a way that all parties accept
respectful — Showing proper respect and politeness
respects — Feels admiration for; treats with the care that something important deserves
respiratory — Relating to the act of breathing
restlessness — Inability to stay still; the state of being unable to relax
result — The outcome or effect produced by an action; what a sentence actually achieves in the world
resumed — Started again after stopping; continued what had been paused
resumption — The act of starting again after a pause; picking something back up
retracted — Withdrawn; taken back after having been said
reverent — Showing deep respect; treating something as important
rhythm — A regular, repeated pattern of movement; the pulse that runs beneath something
rhythmic — Following a regular, repeated pattern of sound or movement
ribbon — A long thin strip of decorative cloth; here, used to describe the movement of a snake
ride — Move with something rather than against it; let the body absorb motion instead of resisting it
rinsing — Washing with clean water after soap or dirt; the final clearing wash
ritual — An action or behaviour regularly repeated; something done according to a prescribed order
roared — Made a long, loud, deep sound; here, the sound of an entire class laughing fully
rotation — The process of taking turns; moving through a series in order
routed — Sent along a particular path; directed to go a certain way
Royal-Oman-Police — The national police force of Oman, established in 1974; in 1973, the country was still policed by the older Sultan's Armed Forces structure
rules — The specific conditions that govern how a game is played
rumour — A story or piece of information that has not been proven; here, used poetically for something unimportant
S
sacred — Treated with great respect; regarded as too important to be violated
sacrificed — Offered up, especially as food for a gathering; here, used with the specific village meaning of an animal slaughtered for a communal meal
Saffron — The dried stigmas of the crocus flower; a spice prized for flavour and colour — and, critically for this story, a pigment that dyes skin deep yellow
sahir — Arabic: a sorcerer or practitioner of sihr (magic); a figure in village folklore believed to have power over spirits and unseen forces
sailed — Moved smoothly through the air as though flying; here, the path of an airborne notebook
sandal — Sandalwood; the heartwood of certain trees, used for centuries in perfume, bathing, and incense; carries a deep, warm, sweet scent
sandals — Simple open shoes, usually with a strap; the everyday footwear of the village
Sandalwood — The heartwood of certain trees, ground into powder; used for centuries in perfume, bathing, and skincare across the Gulf
satisfied — Pleased by having fulfilled a desire or need
scheming — Planning something quietly and cleverly, usually something mischievous
scholarship — An amount of money given to a student to help pay for their education, usually because of talent or achievement
scrutiny — Careful and thorough examination; close inspection
sediment — Material that settles at the bottom of a liquid; here, used to describe the slow layers of understanding a village provides
self-deprecation — The act of making oneself the object of humour or criticism; speaking modestly about oneself
self-preserving — Careful to protect oneself; acting to keep oneself safe
self-satisfaction — A feeling of complete satisfaction with oneself and one's achievements
Sennoor-aswad — Arabic: a black cat — in Omani village folklore, a creature of significant supernatural caution, often associated with sorcery and bad omens
sensory — Relating to the physical senses; involving sight, sound, taste, touch, or smell
sentimental — Connected to feelings of the past; valued because of emotion rather than use
sequence — A continuous or connected series; one thing after another
serenely — In a calm, untroubled way
serious — Grave and thoughtful; treating a matter with full attention rather than as a joke
settled — Came to rest on something fully, without restlessness
settling — Moving gradually into final position; adjusting comfortably and completely
severed — Cut completely through; separated into two parts
shame — A feeling of self-reproach at having done something wrong; here, famously lacking in Malood
shape — The outer form of something; the pattern that holds a day's events together
shaped — Given a particular form, usually by pressure or use over time
shared — Used or enjoyed by more than one person; here, claimed by the whole village together
shawab — A species of tree native to Oman; sturdy, long-lived, often a village landmark
Shayb-Khalaf — Shayb is an Omani Arabic word of respect for an elderly man, similar to 'old sheikh'; here, combined with the name Khalaf to mean 'Elder Khalaf' or 'Old Khalaf'
Sheikhs-house — The house of the village leader; in Omani villages, traditionally the place where important community matters were discussed and decisions were made
shifted — Moved slightly into a new position; adjusted the body minutely
shimmer — A soft sparkling sound or light; a gentle shining
shimmered — Shone with a soft, wavering light; appeared to move in the intense heat
shimmering — Shining with a soft, trembling light that moves and shifts gently
shone — Gave out a bright light; here, showed bright delight
shortened — Made smaller in length; reduced from what they had been
shufkum — Arabic: 'How are you all? / What's with you?' — an affectionate, familiar greeting between people who see each other often
sidr — The leaves of the lote tree, crushed and used for centuries across Arabia as a natural soap and hair cleanser; known for its gentle cleansing and subtle scent
sighed — Breathed out slowly, often to show one's resignation or mild frustration
signature — A distinctive mark or feature; the way by which a person or thing can be recognised
sihr — Arabic: magic, sorcery; the practice of influencing the world through jinn and unseen powers
silent — Making no sound; completely quiet
silhouette — The dark outline of a shape seen against a lighter background
simultaneously — At the same time; together in a single moment
sincere — Genuine, coming truly from the heart; without pretence
sincerity — The quality of being honest and truthful, without pretence
sinister — Suggestive of evil or menace; appearing or pretending to be harmless while being dangerous
sinyah — Arabic: a large round metal serving tray, used across the Gulf for communal meals; the traditional centrepiece of Omani hospitality
sitting-room — A room designed for guests to sit; in Omani homes, often the largest room, set aside for hosting
skeptical — Doubtful; not easily convinced
slandering — Making false and damaging statements about someone; speaking ill of them without foundation
slithering — Moving by sliding smoothly along the ground, especially as a snake moves
slouch — A relaxed drooping posture; a non-upright way of standing
smiled — Gave a small, friendly, approving curve of the mouth
smoke — The visible vapour and gases given off by burning materials; here, associated with magical or mysterious rituals
smug — Showing too much satisfaction with oneself; looking as though one has just won something
sneezed — Expelled air suddenly through the nose, usually from irritation in the nostrils
sniffed — Drew in breath through the nose to smell something; here, performed as a small ceremony of investigation
socket — The bone-lined hollow in which the eye sits; the structural cavity of the eye
soft — Not firm; lacking the hardness that life on the land required
solidarity — Unity or agreement of feeling or action; here, the unwilling sharing of a misfortune
somewhere — In some indefinite place; at an unknown location
sorcerer — A person believed to practise magic, especially dark or spiritual magic
speaking — Producing words aloud; here, the particular dream-act of a dust-man speaking
specific — Relating to a particular thing; precise, not general
specific-places — Locations that carry particular meaning because of their history or associations
spectacularly — In a way that is very impressive or dramatic, usually in a failure sense here
spell — A magical word or phrase with power; here, used for a word that carried ancient weight
spook — To frighten or startle an animal; to cause a sudden alarm
spotlight — A focused beam of light used to highlight a person; here, the attention of a group
squared — Become straight and broad, especially of the shoulders; made formal
squatting — Sitting on the heels with the knees bent; a natural low position used across Arabia for work and conversation
squinting — Looking with partly closed eyes, usually because of bright light
staff — The group of people who work for an organisation; employees
starting pistol — A gun fired to start a race; here, used to describe the word's effect of launching chaos
stay — To remain in a particular state; to continue without change
steadiness — The quality of being firm and without trembling; calmness of hand or gaze
stillness — A complete, weighted quiet — not the absence of sound but the presence of something deeper
Stop — A command word telling someone to cease what they are doing immediately; clear, short, complete
storms — Violent disturbances of the atmosphere; here, used to describe the energy of departing children
strained — Struggled under pressure; was held together with visible effort
stretched — Extended the body fully, especially the arms and legs; the motion of an animal or person unfolding itself
strike — A single sharp hit against a surface
stripped — Reduced to the most essential parts, with everything else removed; bare
stubborn — Refusing to change an opinion or course of action, especially against pressure to do so
studded — Decorated with small nailheads or decorations set at regular intervals
stunned — Astonished and unable to react immediately
subdued — Quiet and rather reflective or depressed; having lost one's usual energy
subsiding — Becoming less intense; settling down after a rise
substantial — Considerable in size, weight, or importance; having real substance
suddenly — Quickly, without warning; in an instant
sultan — A Muslim sovereign, especially in historical or Arabian contexts; here, used humorously about John
surfaced — Came to the top; emerged from beneath
surveyed — Looked carefully across a place or group to check and understand it fully
survived — Continued to exist through danger or difficulty; lived through something hard
survivor — A person who has continued to live after facing danger; one who has come through
suspect — To believe that something is likely to be true, especially something bad or unpleasant
suspicious — Having the feeling that something is wrong; distrustful
suspiciously — In a way that causes doubt or mistrust; with the feeling that something is not quite right
sustain — Keep going at a particular level or rate
sustained — Continued at a steady rate; not interrupted
sweet-dangerous — Having a pleasant surface but carrying warning beneath; here, the voice teachers use when the next word may have consequences
sweetly — In a gentle, pleasant, often deliberately charming way; sometimes used with mild mischief
sweetness — The quality of being pleasant and gentle; here, used ironically
swift — Moving quickly but without great noise; fast and smooth
Swimming — The act of moving through water using one's arms and legs; in Omani villages, not something done in the falaj, which is a water supply, not a pool
symbol — A thing that represents or stands for something else; here, the stick as an emblem of authority rather than punishment
sympathetic — Showing pity or understanding for someone's suffering; sharing their feeling
T
tagheera — Arabic: a traditional tribal symbol, call, or sign used in Omani tribal identity, often a word or phrase shouted at gatherings, battles, or celebrations to identify one's people
talents — Natural abilities or skills; the things a person is good at
tang — A strong, sharp taste or smell that cuts through other flavours
target — An object that one aims for or focuses on; here, the specific item of Malood's interest
task — A piece of work to be done; a specific thing one has set out to complete
Task-Based-Learning — A language-teaching approach in which students learn through completing real-world tasks; popular in the 1970s and later
Tawi-Zahir — Arabic: a known clean-water spot in the Samail region; large pools of fresh water that fill after rain and remain clear for days; a traditional gathering place for villagers
temporarily — For a limited time; not permanently
tenants — People who rent and live in a house owned by someone else; here, used jokingly to describe the humans from the goat's point of view
tenderness — Gentleness and warmth; kindness expressed softly, without condition
terrible — Extremely bad or serious; causing fear
terrified — Caused extreme fear; alarmed greatly
terrifying — Causing fear; extremely frightening
territorial — Relating to a claimed area of space; marked as one's own
testimony — A formal statement of truth, especially in a way that declares who one is
testing — Checking something to see how it works or how much it will yield; probing
tethered — Tied to something with a rope so it cannot wander; restricted within a certain distance
textiles — Woven or knitted cloths; fabrics and fabric products of all kinds
texture — The feel and character of something; the small weave of experience
theatrical — Done in a dramatic and showy way, as though performing on a stage
thorough — Complete and careful in every detail
thoughtful — Careful and considered; giving something the full weight of your attention
threading — Passing through in a long thin line; moving like a thread
threshold — A point of entry; the start of something new; the line where one state ends and another begins
thunder — A loud deep rolling sound from the sky, especially during a storm; here, the force of a single voice that stops everything
tick — A short, repeated light sound, like a small clock or cooling metal
tightened — Became firmer or more secure; closed more strongly
tightness — The quality of being stretched and not loose; the feeling of something holding itself tight
tilt — A small leaning to one side; a slight angle away from upright
tingled — Had a prickling, tickling sensation; felt alive on the surface
tone — The quality of a voice that carries meaning beyond the words; what you hear beneath what is said
track — To follow the movement of something; here, used for Aunt Azizah's attempt to always know where her goat was
tracksuit — A two-piece set of matching jacket and trousers originally made for athletes, increasingly worn in the seventies by physical education teachers
traditional — Following long-established custom; inherited from earlier generations
traffic-sign — A sign that controls the movement of traffic; used here to describe the way John raised his stick like an official instrument of authority
trailed — Followed behind something in a long line; here, the cloud of dust that followed the truck wherever it went
transaction — An instance of buying or selling; a business exchange
transformation — A complete change in appearance or character
transformed — Changed in form or appearance; made different from the original
transition — The process of changing from one state to another; here, the shift from meeting to meal
treasures — Things of great value that are carried carefully and protected
treatment — Medical care; the action of treating an illness or wound
tremor — A small shaking movement, especially from strain or emotion
tribe — A social group made up of many families who share a common ancestor; in Oman, tribes carry names, histories, and identity across generations
triggered — Caused a reaction or response; set off
trot — A faster pace than walking, slower than running; a confident, steady gait
trouble — Problems or difficulties, usually caused by someone who is being too active or too creative for the room
turban — A length of cloth wound around the head; a traditional headcovering worn by Omani men
turned — Moved a page over; also, used here metaphorically for a whole village redirecting its focus at the same instant
twitched — Moved with a small, quick motion; here, the small flicker of a sleeping ear
U
unaccompanied — Without any additional element or support; alone
unaccounted for — Cannot be explained or found; missing without a clear reason
unambiguous — Clear and not open to interpretation; plain in meaning
unapologetic — Not sorry at all; proceeding without any acknowledgement that something might be wrong
Unavoidable — Impossible to prevent, escape, or ignore; it simply is there
uncanny — Strange or mysterious in an unsettling way; seeming to know more than should be possible
unclassifiable — Impossible to fit into any known category or type
Uncle-Khalaf — In Omani and broader Arab culture, the word 'Uncle' (Ammi or 'Am) is used as a respectful form of address for older men — not a biological uncle, but a village elder
uncomplaining — Not expressing dissatisfaction; enduring without protest
unconventional — Not following accepted standards or usual ways; unusual
undecided — Not yet having made a choice; hesitating between options
underlinings — Lines drawn beneath written words; marks for emphasis
understanding — An agreement or arrangement between people about how something will be done
understated — Presented in a restrained way, not showy
underway — In progress; already started
undignified — Lacking formal dignity; unrestrained
uneven — Not smooth or flat; shaped by hands rather than machines, carrying the marks of how it was made
unexpected — Not expected or anticipated; coming as a surprise
Unfamiliar — Not known before; strange or new to the senses
unfinished — Not brought to an end; still in progress
unfit — Not suitable or qualified for something; not up to a task
unhelpful — Not useful or productive; making things harder rather than easier
unhurried — Not rushed; moving at an easy, unforced pace, as though time had agreed to be patient
unilateral — Decided by one party alone without consulting others
unison — At the same time, together; making the same sound with one voice
universal — Applicable or existing everywhere; relevant across all cultures
unmistakably — In a way that cannot be mistaken; with absolute clarity
unnegotiable — Not subject to discussion or change; fixed
unreliable — Not able to be trusted; inconsistent in a way that cannot be counted on
unrepentant — Feeling no regret or sorrow for something done wrong
unreserved — Without holding back; complete and unrestrained
unthinking — Done without conscious thought or planning; automatic
unwanted — Not desired; here, used about facial hair removal which was her specialty
urgency — The feeling that something must be done immediately; a pressing need for speed
urgent — Demanding immediate action or attention; pressing
V
vaguely — In an unclear or unfocused way; not precisely
verdict — A formal decision given after careful consideration; especially the decision of a jury
verdicts — Final decisions or opinions given after consideration; pronouncements
vernacular — The everyday language of a particular group or region, as opposed to formal or literary language
victim — One who suffers from an action or event; here, used affectionately for Mr. John as the butt of the day's jokes
victorious — Having won; feeling the complete satisfaction of someone who has achieved what they set out to do
visible — Able to be seen; openly showing
vocabulary — All the words a person knows in a language; the building material of communication
volume-spiral — A pattern in which each party responds at a higher volume than the last, continuing until something breaks the cycle
W
wadi — A dry riverbed or valley in desert regions that fills with water only during rains; a key feature of Omani landscape
Wadi-Al-Maawil — A valley area (wadi) in the north of Oman, between mountains, containing several villages and farms watered by the falaj system
WAFAQRIYA — An Omani exclamation expressing sudden shock, pain, or dismay; the specific cry of a person who has just discovered something unexpectedly unpleasant
wait — Arabic: hold on; wait; be patient; a single word that means both 'let me' and 'give me a moment'
waiting — Staying in place until a particular event happens or until something is ready
warning — A statement that something might happen; a signal of possible consequences
wary — Cautious; on guard; alert to possible trouble
wasted — Used without benefit; thrown away without purpose
weary — Feeling or showing tiredness, especially from prolonged effort
weather — The state of the atmosphere; here, used to mean difficulty or unpredictable conditions
weathered — Showing the marks of long exposure to sun, wind, and time; lined, browned, strong
weight — Heaviness; the force of a thing pressing down by its own mass
welcoming — Receiving with friendship; making someone feel at home
wet earth — The smell of ground that has recently received water; the rich, ancient scent that rises when dust meets moisture
whistle — A small wind instrument used to produce a sharp loud sound; used by sports teachers and referees
wifely — In the manner of a wife speaking to a husband; with the particular tone married people use
wishing — Hoping or desiring something to be true; sending a gentle intention toward another person
without — Not having something; free of a particular element
witnessed — Saw something happen; was present for an event
wizard — A person believed to have magical powers; English for 'sorcerer'
womens-hour — The specific times of day, early morning and late evening, when women traditionally used the falaj for their own needs; a quiet, private part of the system
working — In use; actively doing a job; practical rather than decorative
world — An entire sphere of human existence; a complete way of life
worn-out — Exhausted; used up by the day
wudu — The Islamic ritual washing performed before prayer; the cleansing that prepares the body for worship
Y
Ya-binti — Egyptian/Arabic: literally 'oh my girl'; a warm, motherly way of addressing a younger woman or friend, widely used across Arab culture
Yalla — Arabic: 'Let's go!' — an all-purpose verbal kick, used across the Arab world to move groups of people forward
Z
zanoubah — Omani Arabic: a light, open leather sandal, often worn by boys and men — the everyday shoe of the village
Zanzibari — From Zanzibar, the East African island that was, for over two centuries, tightly linked to Oman; many Zanzibari-Omani families moved back and forth across the Indian Ocean, and by the seventies there were thousands of Zanzibari-origin traders living in coastal Oman
zigzag — A pattern that moves sharply in first one direction, then the opposite